The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) separates all workers
into two categories: employees and self-employed individuals, including
independent contractors. Independent contractors are people who are in business
for themselves, rather than employees who the IRS views as working for the
company. At the end of the year, instead of receiving a W-2 form to document
taxable earnings from an employer, an independent contractor receives a Form
1099-MISC and has to calculate taxes differently.
Tax Withholding
When you are
paid as an independent contractor, you do not have any money withheld from your
taxes for income taxes or payroll taxes. However, the IRS does not give you a
free pass to not pay anything until income tax time. During the year, you must
make at least quarterly tax withholding payments to pay for your taxes. You can
determine how much you need to pay based on either your projected earnings and
projected tax bill or based on the previous year's tax bill. Many prefer using
the previous year's tax bill, because it gives a specific amount that must be
paid to avoid IRS penalties. This calculation is different from calculating
your total tax bill at the end of the year.
Payroll Taxes
As an
independent contractor, you do not have an employer to split the Social
Security and Medicare taxes with. Instead, you must pay the entire amount
yourself, under the self-employment tax. As of 2013, the Social Security tax
rate equals 12.4 percent for the first $113,700 you earn, and the Medicare tax
equals 2.9 percent of your entire income. The IRS requires you to fill out
Schedule SE to calculate how much self-employment tax you owe if you make more
than a certain amount. For 2013, you are required to pay self-employment taxes
if your income exceeds $400 in self-employment income or more than $108.28 in
church income.
Taxable Income
If you are
paid as an independent contractor and receive a Form 1099-MISC, you are
eligible to deduct business expenses directly from your earnings on Schedule C,
which is the form used to document your independent contractor income. For
example, you can deduct car expenses and other costs to buy products involved
in your business on Schedule C, rather than having to claim the expenses as
itemized, miscellaneous deductions.
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